前言
Docker 官网是这样描述的
Docker is an open platform for developing, shipping, and running applications.
Docker allows you to separate your applications from your infrastructure so you can deliver software quickly. With Docker, you can manage your infrastructure in the same ways you manage your applications.
By taking advantage of Docker’s methodologies for shipping, testing, and deploying code quickly, you can significantly reduce the delay between writing code and running it in production.
这里不再翻译，具体的可自行百度或参考官网w文档，总而言之它和VM，Hype-V等有本质区别，轻量化虚拟机。
安装
这里以安装Docker Engine 为例
这里主要举例以Centos,Ubuntu为主，其他的请参考官方安装文档。（Kali 可参考Ubuntu）
Centos 支持版本：CentOS 7，CentOS 8 (stream)，CentOS 9 (stream)
Ubuntu支持版本：Ubuntu Lunar 23.04，Ubuntu Kinetic 22.10，Ubuntu Jammy 22.04 (LTS)，Ubuntu Focal 20.04 (LTS)
第一步
清理以前安装的Docker Engine （新装系统 不需要执行这一步）
Centos 执行命令
yum remove docker docker-client docker-client-latest docker-common docker-latest docker-latest-logrotate docker-logrotate docker-engine
Ubuntu 执行命令
for pkg in docker.io docker-doc docker-compose podman-docker containerd runc; do sudo apt-get remove $pkg; done
第二步
安装Docker Engine源
Centos 执行命令
yum install -y yum-utils vim wget unzip
yum-config-manager –add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
Ubuntu 执行命令
（这里比较麻烦一点需要先安装Docker’s official GPG key，在添加源）
安装Docker’s official GPG key
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl gnupg
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg –dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpgecho \
添加Docker源
“deb [arch=”$(dpkg –print-architecture)” signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
“$(. /etc/os-release && echo “$VERSION_CODENAME”)” stable” | \
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
sudo apt-get update
第三步
安装Docker Engine
Centos 执行命令
yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin
Ubuntu 执行命令
apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin
第四步
启动并设置Docker Engine
Centos 执行命令
启动Docker Engine
systemctl start docker
设置Docker Engine为自启动
systemctl enable docker.service
关闭Docker Engine自启动
systemctl disable docker.service
Ubuntu 执行命令（这里和Centos 的命令类似，不再过多赘述）
配置加速器
Centos 的命令和Ubuntu一样，通用配置
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-‘EOF’
{
“registry-mirrors”: [“镜像加速器网址”]
}
重新读取配置文件
systemctl daemon-reload
重启Docker
systemctl restart docker